Sustainable microbial production of retinol in Yarrowia lipolytica: From strain engineering to formulation

Retinol (vitamin A) is traditionally produced by chemical synthesis, but growing demand for sustainable alternatives has increased interest in microbial production. However, the intrinsic instability of retinol complicates both biosynthesis and downstream processing, requiring integrated strategies for product recovery and stabilization. In this study, we report the first purification and formulation of microbially produced retinol. We previously engineered Yarrowia lipolytica for retinol production and improved retinol recovery by supplementing the fermentation with Tween 80 and the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Here, retinol production was further enhanced 3.2-fold in shake flasks by increasing acetyl-CoA supply and pathway flux. To address purification challenges, we developed an extraction strategy for retinol encapsulated in micelles using n-hexane and ethanol, followe…