One-Step Synthesis of Open Hierarchical ZSM-5: Influence of the Temperature Ramping Rate on Morphology

Exploration of zeolites with various morphologies has received significant attention as a strategy to enhance their catalytic performance and elongate their lifetime. This study presents open hierarchical ZSM-5 which consists of micropores and mesopores, with a further extension to macropores owing to the presence of open structures. A one-step facile synthetic strategy features utilization of tubular reactors for precise and rapid temperature control, where faster ramping rates play a critical role in formation of open structures by enhancing gel aggregation. Further characterization of atomic composition and modification in synthesis environments (e.g., synthesis temperature, batch Si/Al) revealed that formation of open hierarchical ZSM-5 is based on the intricate interplay among three key steps: aggregation, crystallization, and dissolution. Fast aggregation and comparable crystalliza…