Exploring the Effects of the Spatial Distribution of Catalytic Sites on Sulfur Nucleation Behaviors and Electrochemical Performances of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Abstract Achieving 3D Li 2 S morphologies and accelerating polysulfide conversion reactions are critical for realizing high‐energy lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Although electrolytes containing high Gutmann donor number components facilitate transition from film‐like to 3D Li 2 S morphologies, challenges arising from polysulfide diffusion and incomplete polysulfide conversion remain unresolved. Catalyst design strategies optimized for high donor electrolyte systems are essential in overcoming these limitations, yet they have garnered limited attention. Here, the influence of catalytic site distribution is systematically investigated as a key variable in catalyst design principles for high donor systems, aiming to achieve high‐capacity and stable Li–S battery operation. Two types of carbon model systems are designed and employed in Li–S cells. One type features widespread distribution …