Atomically Dispersed High-Valent d 0 -Metal Breaks the Activity–Stability Trade-Off in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Green hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) faces economic feasibility challenges, primarily due to its reliance on noble metal catalysts. While cost-effective Ru-based catalysts show promise as alternatives to expensive Ir-based catalysts for an anodic oxygen evolution reaction, their long-term performance is compromised by overoxidation at high current densities. In addressing this challenge, we present a cooperative dual-site strategy for atomic-scale incorporation of high-valent d 0 -metal cations into RuO 2 . This synthesis results in uniformly distributed Ru–O–d 0 metal bonds, effectively reconciling the activity and stability trade-off. Leveraging these effects, our optimized Ta 1 /RuO 2 catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance, with a low overpotential of 164 ± 2 mV and stable operation for 1000 h at 100 mA cm –2 . In practical PEMWE sys…