Wearable and Implantable Soft Bioelectronics Using Two-Dimensional Materials

Conspectus Soft bioelectronics intended for application to wearable and implantable biomedical devices have attracted great attention from material scientists, device engineers, and clinicians because of their extremely soft mechanical properties that match with a variety of human organs and tissues, including the brain, heart, skin, eye, muscles, and neurons, as well as their wide diversity in device designs and biomedical functions that can be finely tuned for each specific case of applications. These unique features of the soft bioelectronics have allowed minimal mechanical and biological damage to organs and tissues integrated with bioelectronic devices and reduced side effects including inflammation, skin irritation, and immune responses even after long-term biointegration. These favorable properties for biointegration have enabled long-term monitoring of key biomedical indicators w…