Interplay between structure and property of graphene nanoplatelet networks formed by an electric field in a poly(lactic acid) matrix

For melt-compounded poly(lactic acid) composites containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) at low volume fractions, ϕGNP ≤ 0.34 vol. %, this study focused on correlation between the composite properties and a large-scale structure of GNPs formed by a strong alternating current electric field (with the frequency and intensity of 60 Hz and 1.75 kV/mm, respectively). The electric field was applied to the composite in a rheometer through the parallel plate fixture, so that the parallel plates served as the rheological measurement fixture as well as the electrodes. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that almost randomly oriented, thin stacks of GNPs in the as-fabricated composites were aligned by the electric field in the field direction and further organized into an extended chain (or column) of stacks. …